Overview

We face electrolyte abnormalities on a daily basis. Many are easy to deal with, but others leave us scratching our heads and calling on colleagues to discuss. We will explore some of the various electrolyte abnormalities, including differential diagnosis, diagnostic approach, and treatment initiation.

Objectives

• Elucidate the many causes/etiologies for the electrolyte abnormalities of sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, calcium

• Elaborate a diagnostic approach to each abnormality, where applicable

• Learn when to refer to a specialist and/or to the ED

• Establish a treatment approach for electrolyte abnormalities, depending on their etiology